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The Commonwealth's Environmental Expenditure

Appendix 7 - Oceans

Table A7.1: Oceans - New Measures and Programme and Tax Expenditure Estimates

This table lists activities in the order that they appear in the following text. `na' denotes that spending cannot be precisely identified and it does not mean that spending is not occurring.

Description	1999-00 $m	2000-01 $m	2001-02 $m	2002-03 $m	2003-04 $m
PROGRAMME AND TAX EXPENDITURE ESTIMATES
Australia's Oceans Policy
National Oceans Office	9.2	11.2	12.1	-	-
Marine Environment Protection
Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils	0.9	1.4	1.6	-	-
Antifouling	0.4	0.2	0.3	-	-
Ballast Water Mitigation	0.3	0.4	0.4	-	-
National Environment Protection Measure for Marine and Estuarine Water Quality	0.6	0.5	0.3	-	-
National Moorings	0.7	0.6	0.6	-	-
Coasts and Clean Seas
Clean Seas	18.6	12.2	15.0	0.7	0.5
Coastcare	5.2	5.3	5.3	-	-
Marine Species Protection	2.6	1.8	1.2	-	-
Capacity Building	0.4	1.0	0.5	-	-
Coastal and Marine Planning	2.8	2.2	0.4	-	-
Coastal Monitoring	1.2	1.5	0.6	-	-
Marine Protected Areas (State Waters)	2.6	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.7
Marine Protected Areas (Commonwealth Waters)	2.6	2.4	3.3	0.9	0.9
Marine Waste Reception Facilities	0.7	1.2	-	-	-
Australian Coastal Atlas	0.5	0.3	-	-	-
Introduced Marine Pests	1.4	0.7	0.4	-	-
Fisheries Action	3.6	2.7	2.0	0.1	-
Ocean Environment Protection
Sea Dumping and Sea Installations	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dumping of Hazardous Waste at Sea	na	na	na	na	na
National Oil Spill Atlas	1.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Operations	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bureau of Meteorology(a)	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Marine Agencies
Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian Geological Survey Organisation	na	na	na	na	na
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority	15.8	14.6	14.8	13.8	13.8
Australian Maritime Safety Authority	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
Coastal and Offshore Surveillance and Response	153.2	na	na	na	na
International Activities
Regional and International Environmental Protection	0.2	0.2	0.2	na	na
Marine Resource Management
Marine Wildlife	1.4	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Australian Fisheries Management	na	19.4	19.7	20.1	20.4

Description	1999-00 $m	2000-01 $m	2001-02 $m	2002-03 $m	2003-04 $m
Sustainable Fisheries Management	0.5	1.0	0.7	-	-
Sustainable Fishing and Aquaculture	1.3	1.3	na	na	na
Breach of Commonwealth Fisheries Legislation	na	na	na	na	na
Deterring Illegal Fishing in Australia's Subantarctic Waters	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	-
Southern Shark Fishery Industry Development(b)	2.6	-	-	-	-
Commission for Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Demersal and Pelagic Fisheries	0.2	0.2	na	na	na
Marine Research
Fisheries Resources Research Fund	0.3	0.1	..	-	-
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Australian Institute of Marine Science	25.0	26.1	26.2	27.4	26.6
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation	0.6	0.6	na	na	na
CSIRO Research	24.2	24.2	28.6	3.8	-

- denotes nil; na denotes not available; .. denotes not zero, but rounded to zero

(a) Estimates of appropriation-based Bureau of Meteorology expenditure attributable to oceanographic monitoring, research and service provision in support of environmental objectives.

(b) This programme will continue in 2000-01 using carry-over funding from 1999-2000.

Australia's Oceans Policy

National Oceans Office
$11.2 million in 2000-01

Australia's Oceans Policy has a budget of $50 million over three years, and will set in place the framework for integrated and ecosystem-based planning and management for all Australia's marine jurisdictions. The regional marine planning process will build on existing effective sectoral and jurisdictional mechanisms, promote ecologically sustainable development of the resources of Australia's oceans, and encourage internationally competitive marine industries, while ensuring the protection of marine biological diversity and other whole-of-government oceans policy initiatives. The regional marine planning process will complement the Marine Environment Protection Programme administered through the Department of the Environment and Heritage and funded through the Natural Heritage Trust.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/
Publication: Australia's Oceans Policy
Contact: National Oceans Office - 03 6221 5002

Marine Environment Protection

Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils
$1.4 million in 2000-01

The disturbance and exposure of acid sulfate soils has led to a reduction in inshore water quality, habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity. The Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils Programme supports projects that demonstrate management techniques for handling areas prone to acid sulfate soil problems that result in damage to coastal and marine systems.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/ocepoly/cassp.html
Publication: Australia's Oceans Policy, Coastal Acid Sulfate Soils Programme - Guide to First Round Project Applications
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 2005

Antifouling
$0.2 million in 2000-01

The Antifouling Programme aims to help implement the Commonwealth Government's proposed ban on Tributyltin. Tributyltin has been associated with significant environmental harm to aquatic organisms, particularly molluscs, including commercial oyster species. The programme is working with industry to support the development and availability of cost-effective, environmentally friendly and safe alternatives to Tributyltin-based antifoulants.

Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Ballast Water Mitigation
$0.4 million in 2000-01

The Ballast Water Mitigation Programme aims to protect the Australian marine environment from the harmful effects of introduced marine species. The programme provides financial assistance and support for developing and implementing a range of policies and management measures that focus on preventing the introduction and spread of exotic marine species.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_pests/main.html
Publication: Report of the Joint SCC/SCFA National Taskforce on the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1486

National Environment Protection Measure for Marine and Estuarine Water Quality
$0.5 million in 2000-01

This measure will address the decline in marine and estuarine water quality, which is regarded as one of the most serious threats to Australia's marine and coastal environments. The joint Commonwealth-State-Territory National Environment Protection Council is developing national marine and estuarine water quality standards.

Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

National Moorings
$0.6 million in 2000-01

The National Moorings Programme aims to assist with the installation of public moorings to protect sensitive marine areas from the impacts of anchor damage. The programme provides financial assistance to the states and the Northern Territory, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Commonwealth marine protected areas.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/ocepoly/moorings_program.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1078

Coasts and Clean Seas

Coasts and Cleans Seas is the marine and coastal component of the Natural Heritage Trust, with a budget of $51.8 million from 2000-01 to 2001-02. Its programmes address major marine, estuarine and coastal management issues at the local, regional and national levels. Coasts and Clean Seas emphasises partnerships between communities, scientific organisations, governments and industry, to undertake coastal monitoring and planning, to protect and restore coastal water quality and marine and coastal biodiversity, and to promote ecologically sustainable use of coastal and marine resources.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/net/ccs.html
Publication: Guide to Coasts and Clean Seas Applications 2000-01
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Clean Seas
$12.2 million in 2000-01

The Clean Seas Programme focusses on on-site work using best-available or innovative approaches to reduce pollution from stormwater and wastewater at source. The reuse of water is encouraged as a means for promoting sustainable development and reducing demands on potable water.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/cleanseas/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Coastcare
$5.3 million in 2000-01

Coastcare encourages local communities, including local industries, to adopt a sense of stewardship for coastal and marine areas by providing opportunities and resources for residents, volunteers, business and interest groups to participate in on-ground coastal management. The programme also supports community identification of natural and cultural heritage resources and facilitates interaction between the community and government agencies with responsibility for managing coastal areas.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/coastcare
Publication: Coastcare Information Kit
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Marine Species Protection
$1.8 million in 2000-01

The Marine Species Protection Programme aims to protect marine species from human disturbances. The programme supports management activities that reduce the incidental death of marine species; reduce or manage the effects of disturbance on marine species; and reduce adverse environmental impact on the key habitats of marine or marine dependent species.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/species_protection/msp_program.htm
Publication: Guide to Coasts and Clean Seas Applications 2000 - 2001
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Capacity Building
$1.0 million in 2000-01

The Capacity Building Programme focusses on enhancing managers' understanding of, and capacity to manage, coastal and marine environments. The programme aims to build an understanding of best environmental practice among coastal and marine managers; improve the availability of targeted professional development; and enhance community understanding and management skills.

Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Coastal and Marine Planning
$2.1 million in 2000-01

The Coastal and Marine Planning Programme aims to improve management of potential and existing pressures on coastal zone environments such as increased recreational use, expanding urban development and increased port activities. Strategies include changes to local planning instruments, protocols between managing agencies and community participation in the planning process.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_planning/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Coastal Monitoring
$1.5 million in 2000-01

The Coastal Monitoring Programme assists coastal managers and the wider community to identify significant threats to key coastal environments and habitats and to assess the effectiveness of policies designed to protect them.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_monitoring/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Marine Protected Areas (State Waters)
$1.2 million in 2000-01

The Marine Protected Areas Programme aims to promote the conservation of marine biodiversity and the ecologically sustainable use of marine resources through the establishment of a National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas. It assists the states and the Northern Territory to develop and implement strategies to establish the representative system, to implement ecosystem surveys, and to develop information systems and education strategies.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_protected/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Marine Protected Areas (Commonwealth Waters)
$2.4 million in 2000-01

The National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas programme selects, identifies, declares, plans and manages marine protected areas in Commonwealth waters, and promotes multiple use and cooperative relationships with stakeholders.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_protected/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Marine Waste Reception Facilities
$1.2 million in 2000-01

The Marine Waste Reception Facilities Programme aims to reduce maritime sources of marine pollution. The programme supports the installation of best practice demonstration facilities for receiving shipping and boating wastes at ports, marinas and boat harbours owned by the private sector, state and territory governments, or local governments. It addresses waste streams such as garbage, sewage, oily and other liquid wastes, and slipway wastes.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/frameset/involve/fs_involve_coastclean_main.html
Publication: ANZECC, 1997. Best Practice Guidelines for Waste Reception Facilities at Ports, Marinas and Boat Harbours in Australia and New Zealand
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Australian Coastal Atlas
$0.3 million in 2000-01

The Australian Coastal Atlas is an Internet-based mapping tool for resource managers and the general public to locate and map information about Australia's coastal and marine environments. The atlas uses Internet technology to directly access databases and documentation held by Commonwealth, state and territory agencies. The national facility is being developed through partnerships with state and Northern Territory marine and coastal agencies.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/coastal_atlas
Contact: Environment Australia, Environmental Resources Information Network, Portfolio Strategies Group - 02 6274 1262

Introduced Marine Pests
$0.7 million in 2000-01

The Introduced Marine Pests Programme aims to protect the Australian marine environment from the harmful effects of introduced marine species. The programme supports the development and implementation of a range of policies and management measures that focus on preventing the introduction and spread of exotic marine species.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/marine_pests/main.html
Publication: Report of the Joint SCC/SCFA National Taskforce on the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions, 1999
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Fisheries Action
$2.7 million in 2000-01

The Fisheries Action Programme aims to rebuild Australia's fisheries to more productive and sustainable levels. A key objective is to develop an awareness among all resource users and the wider community of important fisheries issues, the sources of fisheries habitat problems and the actions required to remedy them.

Website: www.affa.gov.au/fisheries/action_program/index.html
Publication: Fisheries Action Programme Information Sheet
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 4413

Ocean Environment Protection

Urban Stormwater Initiative

See Appendix 5 - Environment Protection.

Sea Dumping and Sea Installations
$0.3 million in 2000-01

Environment Australia administers the Environment Protection (Sea Dumping) Act 1981 (the Sea Dumping Act) and the Sea Installations Act 1987 (the Sea Installations Act). permits under the Sea Dumping Act are required to dump any matter or construct artificial reefs at sea. A permit or exemption certificate under the Sea Installations Act is needed to install or operate a sea installation.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/publications/seadump.html
Publication: ANZECC Interim Ocean Disposal Guidelines, 1998
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Dumping of Hazardous Waste at Sea

The Australian Federal Police assist other agencies with primary responsibility to investigate incidents of dumping of hazardous waste at sea.

Contact: Australian Federal Police - 02 6275 7586

National Oil Spill Atlas
$0.2 million in 2000-01

The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) completed the development and commissioning of a National Oil Spill Atlas in December 1999, with the active participation of the states and the Commonwealth. The atlas expanded the state-based coastal resource atlas to provide a national uniform database system for oil spill incidents to protect Australia's coastal environments. Future expenditure by AMSA will be for the continual refinement of the National Oil Spill Atlas as well as training required for personnel in the use of the atlas.

Website: www.amsa.gov.au/me/natplan/toolbox/osra.htm
Contact: Australian Maritime Safety Authority - 02 6279 5040

Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Operations
$0.1 million in 2000-01

The Resource Access Section of the Department of Industry, Science and Resources develops policy and provides advice on marine and land access issues impacting on the petroleum industry. Its advice enables marine and land access regimes to take appropriate account of petroleum resource development needs and the principles of ecologically sustainable development.

Publication: Australia's Oceans Policy
Contact: Department of Industry, Science and Resources - 02 6213 7934

Bureau of Meteorology
$0.5 million in 2000-01

The Bureau of Meteorology coordinates monitoring of ocean and sub-surface temperatures, waves and swell, and of the marine atmosphere to improve understanding and prediction of Australian weather and climate. The Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre and CSIRO have established the Joint Australian Facility for Ocean Observing Systems to incorporate ocean data into operational analysis and prediction systems. This facility will also help Australia participate in the international Global Ocean Observing Systems and the Global Climate Observing System, which aim to ensure that the observations and information needed to address climate-related issues are obtained and made available to all.

Website: www.bom.gov.au
Contact: Bureau of Meteorology - 02 6274 1764

Marine Agencies

Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
$0.3 million in 2000-01

The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service's ballast water management programme supports measures to minimise the threats posed by the introduction and spread of exotic marine pests by vessels. It develops and implements preventative measures such as border controls, risk management systems and research to reduce the introduction and spread of marine pests.

Website: www.aqis.gov.au/docs/ballast/maritime99.htm
Publication: Action Plan for Minimising the Risks to Australia from the Introduction and Translocation of Marine Pests by Vessels
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 4975

Australian Geological Survey Organisation

The Australian Geological Survey Organisation's Marine Zone Geoscience Research Group aims to increase knowledge of the marine zone of Australia and its island territories in order to improve resource management and environmental protection in the marine zone. Project areas include the law of the sea, seabed mapping and characterisation, and urban and coastal impacts.

Website: www.agso.gov.au
Contact: Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Petroleum and Marine Division - 02 6249 9342

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
$14.6 million in 2000-01

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority is responsible for managing one of the world's premier natural resources in partnership with Commonwealth and Queensland government agencies. It undertakes a wide range of activities to ensure the protection, wise use, understanding and enjoyment of the Great Barrier Reef and its World Heritage values through the care and development of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

Website: www.gbrmpa.gov.au
Publication: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Annual Report 1998-99
Contact: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Information Support Group - 07 4750 0700

Australian Maritime Safety Authority
$4.0 million in 2000-01

The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is a statutory authority responsible for maritime safety and primarily funded by the shipping industry from levies and fees. It also receives Commonwealth funding for search and rescue operations. AMSA spent around $4.3 million in 1998-99 on work with state governments, shipping, oil and exploration industries to implement the National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and Other Noxious and Hazardous Substances. This money was raised from levies on shipping.

Website: www.amsa.gov.au
Contact: Australian Maritime Safety Authority - 02 6279 5099

Coastal and Offshore Surveillance and Response

The Australian Customs Service provides air and marine based surveillance information to a number of government agencies. Customs undertakes regular surveillance of marine conservation areas as well as Australia's Coral Sea and Indian Ocean territories. Customs reports to relevant agencies about significant wildlife or sea life concentrations or mortality, oil pollution or other environmental damage.

Publication: Australian Customs Service Annual Report 1998-99
Contact: Customs, Coastwatch - 02 6275 6666

International Activities

Regional and International Environmental Protection
$0.2 million in 2000-01

Australia supports international and regional coastal and marine initiatives through a range of institutions and programmes. Priorities include meeting Australia's international commitments relating to the marine environment; promoting and implementing the international aspects of Australia's Oceans Policy; integrated coastal and oceans management; pollution prevention; and marine biodiversity conservation.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Marine Resource Management

Marine Wildlife
$0.9 million in 2000-01

The Marine Wildlife Programme aims to increase the protection of marine wildlife by supporting international activities and implementing legislative and policy initiatives to reduce hazards to marine wildlife. The programme supports Australia's involvement in the International Whaling Commission, and provides financial assistance to projects that implement Environment Australia's legislative obligations and policy initiatives to protect native marine wildlife, especially threatened or listed marine wildlife.

Website: www.ea.gov.au/marine/species_protection/main.html
Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Australian Fisheries Management
$19.4 million in 2000-01

Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) is the Commonwealth statutory body responsible for the day-to-day management of Commonwealth fisheries resources. AFMA is charged with maintaining and managing the sustainable use of Commonwealth fisheries resources on behalf of the Australian community and key stakeholders.

Website: www.afma.gov.au
Contact: Australian Fisheries Management Authority - 02 6274 5029

Sustainable Fisheries Management
$1.0 million in 2000-01

The Government is committed to removing the exemption whereby wild-caught fish could be exported without regulatory controls under the Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982. It is anticipated that assessment of the ecological sustainability of export fisheries management arrangements will commence in the second quarter of 2000.

Contact: Environment Australia, Marine Group - 02 6274 1919

Sustainable Fishing and Aquaculture
$1.3 million in 2000-01

Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia promotes the sustainable development of Australian fisheries and aquaculture by providing integrated scientific advice on the costs and benefits of fisheries to human society and to the environment.

Website: www.brs.gov.au
Publication: 1998 Fisheries Status Reports
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 5893

Breach of Commonwealth Fisheries Legislation

The Australian Federal Police assist the Australian Fisheries Management Authority to investigate possible contravention of Australian fishing regulations.

Contact: Australian Federal Police - 02 6275 7586

Deterring Illegal Fishing in Australia's Subantarctic Waters
$4.0 million in 2000-01

Patrols and other activities are undertaken in Australia's remote subantarctic waters to protect our valuable fisheries resources by preventing illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing.

Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 3847
Australian Fisheries Management Authority - 02 6272 4895

Southern Shark Fishery Industry Development

The Government will carry out an industry development programme for the southern shark fishery to assist the sustainable development of the industry. The programme will help implement an individual transferable quota management regime for the fishery.

There will be a 35 per cent reduction in school shark catches to meet stock conservation concerns.

Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 4141

Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna
$0.3 million in 2000-01

The objective of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna is to ensure, through the appropriate science and management, the conservation and maximum sustainable catch of southern bluefin tuna.

Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 4813

Demersal and Pelagic Fisheries
$0.2 million in 2000-01

The Demersal and Pelagic Fisheries project of the Bureau of Rural Sciences promotes the sustainable development of Commonwealth-managed demersal (sea-floor) and pelagic (water-column) fisheries through the provision of accurate, timely and relevant scientific advice to policy makers, management agencies, industry and other clients.

Website: www.brs.gov.au
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 4015

Marine Research

Fisheries Resources Research Fund
$0.1 million in 2000-01

The Fisheries Resources Research Fund provides financial assistance to organisations to conduct research into fisheries issues of public interest, including environmental issues and ecosystem protection. This funding is proportional (0.25 per cent) to the gross value of production of fisheries.

Publication: Fisheries Resources Research Fund Annual Report 1998-99
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 5293

Fisheries Research and Development Corporation
$3.0 million in 2000-01

The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation is a national organisation responsible for planning, funding and managing research and development programmes relating to the Australian fishing industry. Its revenue comes from a range of sources, including unmatched funds from the Commonwealth Government equivalent to 0.5 per cent of the average gross value of fisheries production.

Website: www.frdc.com.au
Publication: Fisheries Research Development Corporation Annual Report 1998-99
Contact: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry-Australia - 02 6272 5293

Australian Institute of Marine Science
$26.1 million in 2000-01

The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) promotes the conservation and sustainable development of Australia's marine resources and supports internationally competitive Australian industries. The institute conducts scientific research to improve understanding of marine systems and biodiversity with the aims of developing a capability to predict the behaviour of complex tropical marine systems and capturing the benefits of biodiversity. Research will focus on improved understanding of tropical marine ecosystems to enable prediction of climate impacts, conservation of biodiversity, and mitigation of human impacts in the tropical marine and coastal zones. AIMS will also pursue economic and social benefits through marine biotechnology and will explore the marine resources of Northern Australia.

Website: www.aims.gov.au
Contact: Australian Institute of Marine Science - 07 4753 4490

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
$0.6 million in 2000-01

The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation uses radiotracing and nuclear analysis for biological risk assessments through the study of biogeochemical processes that affect the transport, fate, bioavailability and impact of pollutants in aquatic environments with a particular emphasis on biological cycling, bioaccumulation and biotoxicity of heavy metals and radionuclides.

Website: www.ansto.gov.au/ansto/environment1/index.html
Contact: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Environment Division - 02 9717 9216

CSIRO Research
$24.2 million in 2000-01

CSIRO's environmental research into Australia's oceans and coastal zones aims to provide knowledge and understanding to improve the sustainable use and management of the marine environment. Research areas include exploration of the Exclusive Economic Zone to assist planning for sustainable use; knowledge and tools for marine conservation management; sustainable management of coastal rivers and estuaries; management tools for estuaries and coastal waters; strategies and tools for managing regional marine ecosystems; stock and risk assessments and tools for sustainable fisheries; managing environmental impacts of aquaculture; role of oceans in climate systems, and marine climate impacts; and management of the oceanographic research vessel Franklin.

Website: www.csiro.au - and follow links to marine sector
Contact: CSIRO Marine Sector - 03 6232 5441